pISSN: 2234-6252
한국해양경찰학회보, Vol.10 no.2 (2020)
pp.157~178
선원법의 법적 성질 : 특히 제2장과 제3장을 중심으로
이 논문은 일제 강점기인 1913년 조선선원령과 동령시행규칙에 의하여 규율되어 오다 1962년 제정된 ｢선원법｣의 독특한 법률체계와 내용에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 현 행 ｢선원법｣은 노동자의 최저노동기준을 국가가 보호하는 개별적 노동관계법으로서 ｢근로기준법｣과 동일한 성격의 법률이다. 그렇지만 해상근로의 특수성으로 인하여 별도의 독립된 법체계를 지니고 있다. 그래서 이 연구는 선원관계 법령을 개정하기 위한 선행연구적 성격을 지닌다. ｢선원법｣은 ｢근로기준법｣과 마찬가지로 노동자의 최저노동기준을 국가가 법률로서 보호한다는 점에서 동일한 법률적 성격을 가지고 있다. 그렇지만 대부분의 육상노동자를 규율하는 일반법으로서의 ｢근로기준법｣에 비 하여 해상노동자만을 특정하여 규율한다. 동시에 ｢선원법｣ 상 ｢근로기준법｣의 11개 조문만을 제한적으로 준용하는 입법방식에 있어서 특별법적인 성격을 지닌다. 그러 나 1962년 제정된 ｢선원법｣과 같이 ｢선원법｣에 규정되어 있지 않은 조문은 ｢근로기 준법｣을 준용한다는 포괄적 규정은 아니므로 명확히 ｢근로기준법｣의 특별법이라고 단정하기는 어렵다. 이를 위하여 ｢선원법｣과 ｢근로기준법｣의 규율내용에 대하여 살 펴본 결과, 입법형식이나 법률체계 면에서 볼 때는 거의 유사하다고 할 수 있다. 그 러나 해상근로의 특수성에 따른 비교 우위적인 규정이 있는 것과 동시에 하회 되는 부분도 상당히 규율되어 있다.
A Study on the Legal Characteristics of the Sailor Law : Focus on the Rules of the Captain's Authority and In-ship Discipline
This paper aims to examine the unique legal system and contents of the Seafarers Act, which was enacted in 1962, which was regulated by the Joseon Dynasty and the Dongryeong Enforcement Rules in 1913, the Japanese colonial period. The current Seafarers Act is an individual labor relations law that protects the minimum labor standards of workers by the state, which is the same as the Labor Standards Act. However, due to the speciality of maritime work, it has a separate independent legal system, so this study has a pre-existing nature to revise the seafarers' relations laws. The Seafarers Act, like the Labor Standards Act, has the same legal character in that the state protects the minimum labor standards of workers as laws. However, it is regulated by specifying only marine workers compared to the Labor Standards Act, which is a general law that regulates most land workers. At the same time, it has a special legal character in the legislative method that restricts only 11 articles of the Labor Standards Act under the Seafarers Act. However, it is difficult to conclude that the Articles not prescribed in the Seafarers Act, such as the Seafarers Act enacted in 1962, are not a comprehensive regulation that the Labor Standards Act applies mutatis mutandis, so it is clearly a special law of the Labor Standards Act. For this purpose, the contents of the regulations of the Seafarers Act and the Labor Standards Act are examined, and it can be said that they are almost similar in terms of legislative form and legal system. However, there are comparatively dominant regulations according to the specificity of offshore work, and at the same time, the part that is below is quite disciplined. Conclusively, The Seamen Act should be published and operated for the purpose of protection of seamen as it is a labor protection law. But, it contains numerous insufficient contents to protect seamen actually. This thesis suggests the establishment of the [Labor Standard Act for Seamen] to realize consistently the original goal of the Seamen Act to protect seamen workers. However, as its premise, the standing Seamen Act will be reviewed in categories of historical, theoretical issues, problems of its structure and each clause. It will also review the content and methods of the [Labor Standard Act for Seamen] specifically to consider when it is established to realize the original goal of protecting seamen workers overcoming the issues of each category.
