With the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, their transportation on passenger ships is increasing; however, due to specific fire risks such as thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, the possibility of major disasters is rising. This study deeply analyzes the characteristics and risks of electric vehicle fires on passenger ships, proposes effective fire prevention measures for passenger ships transporting electric vehicles, and explores strategies to enhance the response capabilities of the Korea Coast Guard. To this end, we investigated thermal runaway phenomena, re-ignition risks, toxic gas emissions associated with electric vehicle fires, and analyzed overseas fire cases. We also proposed preventive measures such as strengthening electric vehicle loading management, introducing battery monitoring systems, improving onboard firefighting equipment, and enhancing crew education and training. In terms of Korea Coast Guard response, we suggested plans for professional personnel training, strengthening equipment and technological capabilities, establishing an integrated response system, and conducting joint exercises. This study emphasizes the necessity of establishing comprehensive measures to ensure the inherent safety of passenger ships and to enhance the response capabilities of the Korea Coast Guard, and is expected to contribute to policy formulation and practical application in related fields.